The 5R adaptation framework: Concepts, systems, and learning scenarios

Location-based mobile learning applications harness the advantages of mobile devices to enhance learner's interaction with the learning context. This paper presents the 5R adaptation framework, the underlying concept for adaptive mobile learning management systems and mobile learning applications. The framework enriches mobile learning management systems by integrating learning context information including learner, location, time, device and learning content into the adaptation process. In this paper, three mobile learning applications are presented to demonstrate the use of the 5R adaptation framework. Two university-level, geography course scenarios are also presented, which offer insights into how the 5R adaptation features could be integrated with and compliment distance learning pedagogies.