TY - JOUR
T1 - Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to dietary endosulfan as assessed by haematology, blood biochemistry, and growth parameters
AU - Petri, Dietrich
AU - Glover, Chris N.
AU - Ylving, Sonja
AU - Kolås, Kjersti
AU - Fremmersvik, Gro
AU - Waagbø, Rune
AU - Berntssen, Marc H.G.
N1 - Funding Information:
The present project was funded by the Norwegian Research Council and the Norwegian seafood federation (project number 16449/S40). The authors wish to thank Bjarte Sævareid and the staff at Lerang Research Station, Nutreco ARC, for their excellent assistance in the feeding trial, and Nanne Jorum at Nutreco ARC for management and the production of the experimental feeds. Jan Vidar Jakobsen from EWOS Innovation, and Ellinor Helland from Biomar have contributed to the planning and execution of the project.
PY - 2006/12/1
Y1 - 2006/12/1
N2 - The presence of the organochlorine pesticide endosulfan in the water column confers a significant direct risk to the biota therein, yet relatively little is known regarding the toxic impact of dietborne endosulfan to aquatic organisms. Pre-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed at levels of technical endosulfan equal to the European Union regulatory limit (5 μg kg-1) and at levels 10 and 100 times greater, for a total of 49 days with haematology (e.g. erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, white blood cell composition), blood biochemistry (e.g. serum aminotransferase, plasma ions) and growth parameters (e.g. condition factor) recorded at days 0, 14, 35, and 49. Toxicological assessment of the individual α and β-isomers that comprise technical endosulfan was also attempted. No mortality was observed in any group during the experiment. In the groups exposed to the control, 5, and 50 μg kg-1 technical endosulfan feeds no significant alterations in any measured parameters were determined at any time point. No differences were observed between the technical mixture and the individual α and β-isomer treatment groups. Condition factor was significantly reduced in fish exposed to 500 μg kg-1 at day 49, while haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin were significantly elevated after 35 days of exposure to the same dietary level, but returned to control levels by day 49. The present study shows that with regards to acute toxicity, Atlantic salmon are able to tolerate dietary technical endosulfan levels up to 500 μg kg-1.
AB - The presence of the organochlorine pesticide endosulfan in the water column confers a significant direct risk to the biota therein, yet relatively little is known regarding the toxic impact of dietborne endosulfan to aquatic organisms. Pre-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed at levels of technical endosulfan equal to the European Union regulatory limit (5 μg kg-1) and at levels 10 and 100 times greater, for a total of 49 days with haematology (e.g. erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, white blood cell composition), blood biochemistry (e.g. serum aminotransferase, plasma ions) and growth parameters (e.g. condition factor) recorded at days 0, 14, 35, and 49. Toxicological assessment of the individual α and β-isomers that comprise technical endosulfan was also attempted. No mortality was observed in any group during the experiment. In the groups exposed to the control, 5, and 50 μg kg-1 technical endosulfan feeds no significant alterations in any measured parameters were determined at any time point. No differences were observed between the technical mixture and the individual α and β-isomer treatment groups. Condition factor was significantly reduced in fish exposed to 500 μg kg-1 at day 49, while haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin were significantly elevated after 35 days of exposure to the same dietary level, but returned to control levels by day 49. The present study shows that with regards to acute toxicity, Atlantic salmon are able to tolerate dietary technical endosulfan levels up to 500 μg kg-1.
KW - Alternative feed resources
KW - Aquaculture
KW - Dietary toxicity
KW - Endosulfan
KW - Exposure route
KW - Feed legislation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33750952131&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.07.019
DO - 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.07.019
M3 - Journal Article
C2 - 17081631
AN - SCOPUS:33750952131
SN - 0166-445X
VL - 80
SP - 207
EP - 216
JO - Aquatic Toxicology
JF - Aquatic Toxicology
IS - 3
ER -