Pre-Trauma Center Management of Intracranial Pressure in Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

Gregory Hansen, Patrick J. McDonald, Doug Martin, Jeff K. Vallance

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal Articlepeer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Objectives Pre-trauma center care is a critical component in severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). For geographically large trauma catchment areas, optimizing increased intracranial pressure (ICP) management may potentially improve outcomes. This retrospective study examined ICP management in nontrauma centers and during interfacility transport to the trauma center. Methods Charts from a pediatric level I trauma center were reviewed for admissions between 2008 and 2013. Patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less, head Abbreviated Injury Scale score of 3 or higher, and requiring intubation at a nontrauma center were included. Exclusion criteria included head injury secondary to drowning, stroke, obstetrical complications, asphyxia, and afflicted head trauma (younger than 5 years). Trauma center charts contained coalesced data from first responders, nontrauma centers, and transport. Results Twenty-five patients (74%) had increased ICP upon admission at trauma center, 48% experienced ICPs greater than 20 cm H2O within 12 hours of admission, 12% required an urgent craniotomy, and 16% had herniation syndromes on neuroimaging. Pre-trauma center ICP management included osmotherapy and head-of-bed elevation. Sixty-four percent of patients with increased ICP at trauma center admission received pre-trauma center ICP management. Conclusions Early increased ICP is a common presentation of severe pediatric TBI during pre-trauma center management. However, what constitutes optimal care remains unknown. Given the difficulties of diagnosing early increased ICP in this setting, prophylactic raising ICP-lowering strategies may be considered.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)330-333
Number of pages4
JournalPediatric Emergency Care
Volume34
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 May 2018

Keywords

  • intracranial pressure
  • patient transfer
  • severe traumatic brain injury
  • trauma centers

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