TY - JOUR
T1 - Observer influences on fathers and mothers
T2 - An experimental manipulation of the structure and function of parent-infant conversation
AU - Lewis, Charlie
AU - Kier, Cheryl
AU - Hyder, Christina
AU - Prenderville, Nancy
AU - Pullen, Judith
AU - Stephens, Annabella
PY - 1996
Y1 - 1996
N2 - From studies over the past 20 years four contrasting hypotheses can be made about the nature of parent-infant communication: (1) mothers and fathers display similar skills to their infants and do not exert a differential influence on their development; (2) fathers are less sympathetic to their infants' level of development and therefore inadvertently stretch the child's development more than mothers; (3) both parents differentially socialize their sons' and daughters' early communicative skills; (4) any apparent differences between parents reflect their expectations about being observed. To examine these hypotheses together, this experiment records the communication of 10 mother-infant and 10 father-infant dyads in two conditions: when an observer was present or absent The analysis revealed two patterns. Firstly, in keeping with most research on parent-child communication, mothers and fathers both simplified their speech to their infants in similar ways. Secondly, both the structure and function of parental communication showed differences between the two conditions and many of these differences were moderated by interactions between condition and sex of parent or child. The data thus provide more support for the first and fourth hypotheses cited above. It is suggested that analyses of parent-infant interaction should move away from simple assumptions about parental 'influences' upon children's development to consider the subtleties of different parental styles in different settings.
AB - From studies over the past 20 years four contrasting hypotheses can be made about the nature of parent-infant communication: (1) mothers and fathers display similar skills to their infants and do not exert a differential influence on their development; (2) fathers are less sympathetic to their infants' level of development and therefore inadvertently stretch the child's development more than mothers; (3) both parents differentially socialize their sons' and daughters' early communicative skills; (4) any apparent differences between parents reflect their expectations about being observed. To examine these hypotheses together, this experiment records the communication of 10 mother-infant and 10 father-infant dyads in two conditions: when an observer was present or absent The analysis revealed two patterns. Firstly, in keeping with most research on parent-child communication, mothers and fathers both simplified their speech to their infants in similar ways. Secondly, both the structure and function of parental communication showed differences between the two conditions and many of these differences were moderated by interactions between condition and sex of parent or child. The data thus provide more support for the first and fourth hypotheses cited above. It is suggested that analyses of parent-infant interaction should move away from simple assumptions about parental 'influences' upon children's development to consider the subtleties of different parental styles in different settings.
KW - Father-infant interaction
KW - Mother-infant interaction
KW - Observer effects
KW - Sex roles
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0141836358&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/(sici)1099-0917(199603)5:1<57::aid-edp116>3.0.co;2-k
DO - 10.1002/(sici)1099-0917(199603)5:1<57::aid-edp116>3.0.co;2-k
M3 - Journal Article
AN - SCOPUS:0141836358
SN - 1522-7227
VL - 5
SP - 57
EP - 68
JO - Infant and Child Development
JF - Infant and Child Development
IS - 1
ER -