Neoliberalism, Urban

Increasing numbers of urban geographers are engaging in debates about neoliberalism. For these scholars, urban neoliberalism is understood as an umbrella term that refers to the new emphasis on international competitiveness, marketization, and economic growth in cities. Their argument is that market-oriented formulations have given rise to a new role for cities in managing the relationships between global flows and networks and local economies and societies. In turn, this neoliberal trend has had major implications for urban governance, urban landscapes, the built environment, and urban subjectivities. Discussions about topics as various as deindustrialization, urban entrepreneurialism, the informational city, global cities, gentrification, sociospatial polarization, creative cities, and community activism are all now framed by macro-accounts of urban neoliberalism.