TY - JOUR
T1 - Multi-Event Conjugate Measurements of the SAR Arc Detachment From the Auroral Oval Using DMSP Satellites and an All-Sky Camera at Athabasca, Canada
AU - Gololobov, A.
AU - Shiokawa, K.
AU - Baishev, D.
AU - Inaba, Y.
AU - Otsuka, Y.
AU - Connors, M.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the Madrigal CEDAR Database and Patricia Doherty from Boston College, Institute for Scientific Research for providing DMSP data. This work was supported by Project for Solar-Terrestrial Environment Prediction (PSTEP) and Institute for Space-Environmental Research (ISEE), Nagoya University, and was partially funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation and Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (registration number 122011700182-1), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (21-55-50013), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI (15H05815, 16H06286, and 21H04518), and a bilateral program JPJSBP120214805. Martin Connors was supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (Canada), and the operation of the observatory housing the ground imager by the Canada Foundation for Innovation. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that have helped us improve the final manuscript.
Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the Madrigal CEDAR Database and Patricia Doherty from Boston College, Institute for Scientific Research for providing DMSP data. This work was supported by Project for Solar‐Terrestrial Environment Prediction (PSTEP) and Institute for Space‐Environmental Research (ISEE), Nagoya University, and was partially funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation and Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (registration number 122011700182‐1), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (21‐55‐50013), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI (15H05815, 16H06286, and 21H04518), and a bilateral program JPJSBP120214805. Martin Connors was supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (Canada), and the operation of the observatory housing the ground imager by the Canada Foundation for Innovation. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that have helped us improve the final manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2023/4
Y1 - 2023/4
N2 - We report the first statistical study of stable auroral red (SAR) arcs detached from the main auroral oval during non-storm time, using multi-event conjugate measurements by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites (F13–F19) and a ground-based all-sky imager at Athabasca (Canada) (54.6°W, 246.36°Е, MLAT = 61.5°, MLON = 308.3°, L = 4.4). We found 63 events of detached SAR arc conjunctions with the DMSP satellites in the northern hemisphere and 18 events in the opposite southern hemisphere from 2006 to 2018. Measurements aboard DMSP satellites show that detached SAR arcs are in general associated with enhancements of electron temperature (60 cases) and electron density troughs (58 cases). Only 14 cases show strong horizontal flow associated with the detached SAR arcs, indicating that the strong plasma flow is not a necessary condition to cause the detached SAR arcs. The electron temperature measured by DMSP associated with detached SAR arcs positively correlates with F10.7 solar activity index. The measured emission intensities at 630.0 nm in the SAR arcs show a good correlation with the electron temperature. These results indicate that the detached SAR arcs during non-storm time are caused by heat flux from the magnetosphere associated with substorms, and their intensity depends on the background plasma condition in the ionosphere.
AB - We report the first statistical study of stable auroral red (SAR) arcs detached from the main auroral oval during non-storm time, using multi-event conjugate measurements by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites (F13–F19) and a ground-based all-sky imager at Athabasca (Canada) (54.6°W, 246.36°Е, MLAT = 61.5°, MLON = 308.3°, L = 4.4). We found 63 events of detached SAR arc conjunctions with the DMSP satellites in the northern hemisphere and 18 events in the opposite southern hemisphere from 2006 to 2018. Measurements aboard DMSP satellites show that detached SAR arcs are in general associated with enhancements of electron temperature (60 cases) and electron density troughs (58 cases). Only 14 cases show strong horizontal flow associated with the detached SAR arcs, indicating that the strong plasma flow is not a necessary condition to cause the detached SAR arcs. The electron temperature measured by DMSP associated with detached SAR arcs positively correlates with F10.7 solar activity index. The measured emission intensities at 630.0 nm in the SAR arcs show a good correlation with the electron temperature. These results indicate that the detached SAR arcs during non-storm time are caused by heat flux from the magnetosphere associated with substorms, and their intensity depends on the background plasma condition in the ionosphere.
KW - DMSP
KW - SAR arc
KW - all-sky camera
KW - conjugate measurements
KW - detachment
KW - subauroral ion drift
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85153891386&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1029/2022JA030544
DO - 10.1029/2022JA030544
M3 - Journal Article
AN - SCOPUS:85153891386
SN - 2169-9380
VL - 128
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
IS - 4
M1 - e2022JA030544
ER -