TY - JOUR
T1 - Maternal Income during Pregnancy is Associated with Chronic Placental Inflammation at Birth
AU - Keenan-Devlin, Lauren S.
AU - Ernst, Linda M.
AU - Ross, Kharah M.
AU - Qadir, Sameen
AU - Grobman, William A.
AU - Holl, Jane L.
AU - Crockett, Amy
AU - Miller, Gregory E.
AU - Borders, Ann E.B.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
PY - 2017/8/1
Y1 - 2017/8/1
N2 - Objective This study aims to examine whether maternal household income is associated with histological evidence of chronic placental inflammation. Study Design A total of 152 participants completed surveys of household income and consented to placenta collection at delivery and postpartum chart review for birth outcomes. Placental inflammatory lesions were evaluated via histological examination of the membranes, basal plate, and villous parenchyma by a single, experienced pathologist. Associations between household income and the presence of inflammatory lesions were adjusted for known perinatal risk factors. Results Overall, 45% of participants reporting household income below 30,000/y had chronic placental inflammation, compared with 25% of participants reporting income above 100,000 annually (odds ratio [OR] = 4.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25, 14.28; p = 0.02). Middle-income groups showed intermediate rates of chronic inflammatory lesions, at 40% for those reporting 30,000 and 50,000 (OR = 3.60, 95% CI = 1.05, 12.53; p = 0.04) and 38% for those reporting 50,000 to 100,000 (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 0.60, 4.14; p = 0.36). Results remained significant after adjustment for maternal age, race, and marital status. Conclusion Chronic placental inflammation is associated with maternal household income. Greater occurrence of placental lesions in low-income mothers may arise from a systemic inflammatory response to social and physical environmental factors.
AB - Objective This study aims to examine whether maternal household income is associated with histological evidence of chronic placental inflammation. Study Design A total of 152 participants completed surveys of household income and consented to placenta collection at delivery and postpartum chart review for birth outcomes. Placental inflammatory lesions were evaluated via histological examination of the membranes, basal plate, and villous parenchyma by a single, experienced pathologist. Associations between household income and the presence of inflammatory lesions were adjusted for known perinatal risk factors. Results Overall, 45% of participants reporting household income below 30,000/y had chronic placental inflammation, compared with 25% of participants reporting income above 100,000 annually (odds ratio [OR] = 4.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25, 14.28; p = 0.02). Middle-income groups showed intermediate rates of chronic inflammatory lesions, at 40% for those reporting 30,000 and 50,000 (OR = 3.60, 95% CI = 1.05, 12.53; p = 0.04) and 38% for those reporting 50,000 to 100,000 (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 0.60, 4.14; p = 0.36). Results remained significant after adjustment for maternal age, race, and marital status. Conclusion Chronic placental inflammation is associated with maternal household income. Greater occurrence of placental lesions in low-income mothers may arise from a systemic inflammatory response to social and physical environmental factors.
KW - chronic deciduitis
KW - chronic inflammation
KW - chronic villitis
KW - income
KW - placenta
KW - pregnancy
KW - stress
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85017152938&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1055/s-0037-1601353
DO - 10.1055/s-0037-1601353
M3 - Journal Article
C2 - 28384838
AN - SCOPUS:85017152938
SN - 0735-1631
VL - 34
SP - 1003
EP - 1010
JO - American Journal of Perinatology
JF - American Journal of Perinatology
IS - 10
M1 - 160508
ER -