TY - JOUR
T1 - Derivation of a toxicity-based model to predict how water chemistry influences silver toxicity to invertebrates
AU - Bury, N. R.
AU - Shaw, J.
AU - Glover, C.
AU - Hogstrand, C.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors wish to thank C. Squires, F. Khan and P. Sawtell for technical assistance, and Joe Gorsuch (Eastman Kodak Company) for critical reading of the paper. NRB was supported by a University of Exeter Fellowship. JRS was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Superfund Basic Research Program grant ES037373.
PY - 2002/9
Y1 - 2002/9
N2 - The effect of altering water chemistry on acute silver toxicity to three invertebrate species, two Daphnids, Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex, as well as an amphipod Gammarus pulex was assessed. In addition, the physiological basis of Ag(I) toxicity to G. pulex was examined. Daphnia magna and D. pulex were more sensitive than G. pulex and 48 h LC50 values in synthetic ion poor water were 0.47, 0.65 and 2.1 μg Ag(I) l-1, respectively. Increasing water [Cl-] reduced Ag(I) toxicity in all species, and increasing water [Ca2+] from 50 to 1500 μM reduced Ag(I) toxicity in G. pulex. Whole body Na+ content, but not K+ or Ca2+ was significantly reduced in G. pulex exposed to 6 μg Ag(I) l-1 for 24 h, but there was no inhibition of whole body Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Both increasing water [Cl-] and [Ca2+] reduced this Ag(I)-induced Na+ loss. For D. magna, the presence of 10 mg l-1 humic acid or 0.5 μM 3-mercaptoproprionic acid (3-MPA) increased the 48 h LC50 values by 5.9 and 58.5-fold, respectively, and for D. pulex the presence of 1 μM thiosulfate increased the 48 h LC50 value by four-fold. The D. magna toxicity data generated from this study were used to derive a Daphnia biotic ligand model (BLM). Analysis of the measured LC50 values vs. the predicted LC50 values for toxicity data from the present and published results where water Cl-, Ca2+, Na+ or humic acid were varied showed that 91% of the measured toxicity data fell within a factor of two of the predicted LC50 values. However, the daphnid BLM could not accurately predict G. pulex toxicity. Additionally, the Daphnia BLM was under-protective in the presence of the organic thiols 3-MPA or thiosulphate and predicted an increase in the LC50 value of 114- and 74-fold, respectively. The Daphnia toxicity based BLM derived from the present data set is successful in predicting Daphnia toxicity in laboratory data sets in the absence of sulfur containing compounds, but shows its limitations when applied to waters containing organic thiols or thiosulphate.
AB - The effect of altering water chemistry on acute silver toxicity to three invertebrate species, two Daphnids, Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex, as well as an amphipod Gammarus pulex was assessed. In addition, the physiological basis of Ag(I) toxicity to G. pulex was examined. Daphnia magna and D. pulex were more sensitive than G. pulex and 48 h LC50 values in synthetic ion poor water were 0.47, 0.65 and 2.1 μg Ag(I) l-1, respectively. Increasing water [Cl-] reduced Ag(I) toxicity in all species, and increasing water [Ca2+] from 50 to 1500 μM reduced Ag(I) toxicity in G. pulex. Whole body Na+ content, but not K+ or Ca2+ was significantly reduced in G. pulex exposed to 6 μg Ag(I) l-1 for 24 h, but there was no inhibition of whole body Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Both increasing water [Cl-] and [Ca2+] reduced this Ag(I)-induced Na+ loss. For D. magna, the presence of 10 mg l-1 humic acid or 0.5 μM 3-mercaptoproprionic acid (3-MPA) increased the 48 h LC50 values by 5.9 and 58.5-fold, respectively, and for D. pulex the presence of 1 μM thiosulfate increased the 48 h LC50 value by four-fold. The D. magna toxicity data generated from this study were used to derive a Daphnia biotic ligand model (BLM). Analysis of the measured LC50 values vs. the predicted LC50 values for toxicity data from the present and published results where water Cl-, Ca2+, Na+ or humic acid were varied showed that 91% of the measured toxicity data fell within a factor of two of the predicted LC50 values. However, the daphnid BLM could not accurately predict G. pulex toxicity. Additionally, the Daphnia BLM was under-protective in the presence of the organic thiols 3-MPA or thiosulphate and predicted an increase in the LC50 value of 114- and 74-fold, respectively. The Daphnia toxicity based BLM derived from the present data set is successful in predicting Daphnia toxicity in laboratory data sets in the absence of sulfur containing compounds, but shows its limitations when applied to waters containing organic thiols or thiosulphate.
KW - 3-Mercaptoproprionic acid
KW - Biotic ligand model (BLM)
KW - Daphnia magna
KW - Daphnia pulex
KW - Gammarus pulex
KW - Na/K-ATPase activity
KW - Organic thiols
KW - Silver
KW - Thiosulphate
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0036753671&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S1532-0456(02)00096-0
DO - 10.1016/S1532-0456(02)00096-0
M3 - Journal Article
C2 - 12356532
AN - SCOPUS:0036753671
SN - 1532-0456
VL - 133
SP - 259
EP - 270
JO - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - C Toxicology and Pharmacology
JF - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - C Toxicology and Pharmacology
IS - 1-2
ER -