TY - JOUR
T1 - Cereal fiber, fruit fiber, and type 2 diabetes
T2 - Explaining the paradox
AU - Davison, Karen M.
AU - Temple, Norman J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2018/2
Y1 - 2018/2
N2 - While the relationship between dietary fiber and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been much studied, the evidence about its role in the prevention and control of this condition has been conflicting. We critically evaluate prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined insoluble/nonviscous/cereal fiber and soluble/viscous/fruit fiber in relation to risk of T2DM. Taken as a whole this evidence indicates that, in the quantities typically eaten, cereal fiber is protective against T2DM while fruit fiber gives little protection. We argue that the protective action of cereal fiber may be explained by the modulating effects of gut microbiota through mechanisms such as: 1) improving glucose tolerance via energy metabolism pathways (colonic fermentation and generation of short-chain fatty acids); 2) reducing inflammation; and 3) altering the immune response. By gaining more knowledge of specific host and gut microbial functional pathways involved in T2DM development and the potential role of cereal fiber, appropriate disease prevention and intervention strategies may be developed.
AB - While the relationship between dietary fiber and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been much studied, the evidence about its role in the prevention and control of this condition has been conflicting. We critically evaluate prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined insoluble/nonviscous/cereal fiber and soluble/viscous/fruit fiber in relation to risk of T2DM. Taken as a whole this evidence indicates that, in the quantities typically eaten, cereal fiber is protective against T2DM while fruit fiber gives little protection. We argue that the protective action of cereal fiber may be explained by the modulating effects of gut microbiota through mechanisms such as: 1) improving glucose tolerance via energy metabolism pathways (colonic fermentation and generation of short-chain fatty acids); 2) reducing inflammation; and 3) altering the immune response. By gaining more knowledge of specific host and gut microbial functional pathways involved in T2DM development and the potential role of cereal fiber, appropriate disease prevention and intervention strategies may be developed.
KW - Cereal fiber
KW - Diabetes
KW - Dietary fiber
KW - Microbiome
KW - Type 2 diabetes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85035233286&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.11.002
DO - 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.11.002
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29191432
AN - SCOPUS:85035233286
SN - 1056-8727
VL - 32
SP - 240
EP - 245
JO - Journal of Diabetes and its Complications
JF - Journal of Diabetes and its Complications
IS - 2
ER -