Alcohol Consumption and Health

The lowest risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) is seen at an alcohol intake of under 100 grams per week (one drink per day), but possibly less. This is also true for cardiovascular disease in general. As alcohol intake increases, so does the risk of cardiovascular disease, especially stroke and heart failure. A similar J-shaped relationship has also been reported for several other disorders. Risk for various health disorders increases sharply in heavier drinkers (more than four drinks per day). Abuse of alcohol, especially binge drinking, is associated with accidents, violence, and suicide. Alcohol results in other negative health effects, most notably fetal alcohol syndrome and an increased risk of cancer. Life expectancy is longest when alcohol intake is between zero and one drink per day. As alcohol intake increases, life expectancy falls. The benefits of alcohol are seen in those aged over 50 or 60 years, but not in those aged under 40 years. The commonly used guidelines that set limits on alcohol consumption of one to two drinks per day may be a little too high. Alcohol is best consumed in small regular amounts rather than binge drinking.